# 18.2.163. MPI_Gather_init

MPI_Gather, MPI_Igather, MPI_Gather_init - Gathers values from a group of processes.

## 18.2.163.1. Synopsis

### 18.2.163.1.1. C Syntax

    #include <mpi.h>

    int MPI_Gather(const void *sendbuf, int sendcount, MPI_Datatype sendtype,
        void *recvbuf, int recvcount, MPI_Datatype recvtype, int root,
        MPI_Comm comm)

    int MPI_Igather(const void *sendbuf, int sendcount, MPI_Datatype sendtype,
        void *recvbuf, int recvcount, MPI_Datatype recvtype, int root,
        MPI_Comm comm, MPI_Request *request)

    int MPI_Gather_init(const void *sendbuf, int sendcount, MPI_Datatype sendtype,
        void *recvbuf, int recvcount, MPI_Datatype recvtype, int root,
        MPI_Comm comm, MPI_Info info, MPI_Request *request)

### 18.2.163.1.2. Fortran Syntax

    USE MPI
    ! or the older form: INCLUDE 'mpif.h'

    MPI_GATHER(SENDBUF, SENDCOUNT, SENDTYPE, RECVBUF, RECVCOUNT,
            RECVTYPE, ROOT, COMM, IERROR)
        <type>  SENDBUF(*), RECVBUF(*)
        INTEGER SENDCOUNT, SENDTYPE, RECVCOUNT, RECVTYPE, ROOT
        INTEGER COMM, IERROR

    MPI_IGATHER(SENDBUF, SENDCOUNT, SENDTYPE, RECVBUF, RECVCOUNT,
            RECVTYPE, ROOT, COMM, REQUEST, IERROR)
        <type>  SENDBUF(*), RECVBUF(*)
        INTEGER SENDCOUNT, SENDTYPE, RECVCOUNT, RECVTYPE, ROOT
        INTEGER COMM, REQUEST, IERROR

    MPI_GATHER_INIT(SENDBUF, SENDCOUNT, SENDTYPE, RECVBUF, RECVCOUNT,
            RECVTYPE, ROOT, COMM, INFO, REQUEST, IERROR)
        <type>  SENDBUF(*), RECVBUF(*)
        INTEGER SENDCOUNT, SENDTYPE, RECVCOUNT, RECVTYPE, ROOT
        INTEGER COMM, INFO, REQUEST, IERROR

### 18.2.163.1.3. Fortran 2008 Syntax

    USE mpi_f08

    MPI_Gather(sendbuf, sendcount, sendtype, recvbuf, recvcount, recvtype,
            root, comm, ierror)
        TYPE(*), DIMENSION(..), INTENT(IN) :: sendbuf
        TYPE(*), DIMENSION(..) :: recvbuf
        INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: sendcount, recvcount, root
        TYPE(MPI_Datatype), INTENT(IN) :: sendtype, recvtype
        TYPE(MPI_Comm), INTENT(IN) :: comm
        INTEGER, OPTIONAL, INTENT(OUT) :: ierror

    MPI_Igather(sendbuf, sendcount, sendtype, recvbuf, recvcount, recvtype,
            root, comm, request, ierror)
        TYPE(*), DIMENSION(..), INTENT(IN), ASYNCHRONOUS :: sendbuf
        TYPE(*), DIMENSION(..), ASYNCHRONOUS :: recvbuf
        INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: sendcount, recvcount, root
        TYPE(MPI_Datatype), INTENT(IN) :: sendtype, recvtype
        TYPE(MPI_Comm), INTENT(IN) :: comm
        TYPE(MPI_Request), INTENT(OUT) :: request
        INTEGER, OPTIONAL, INTENT(OUT) :: ierror

    MPI_Gather_init(sendbuf, sendcount, sendtype, recvbuf, recvcount, recvtype,
            root, comm, info, request, ierror)
        TYPE(*), DIMENSION(..), INTENT(IN), ASYNCHRONOUS :: sendbuf
        TYPE(*), DIMENSION(..), ASYNCHRONOUS :: recvbuf
        INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: sendcount, recvcount, root
        TYPE(MPI_Datatype), INTENT(IN) :: sendtype, recvtype
        TYPE(MPI_Comm), INTENT(IN) :: comm
        TYPE(MPI_Info), INTENT(IN) :: info
        TYPE(MPI_Request), INTENT(OUT) :: request
        INTEGER, OPTIONAL, INTENT(OUT) :: ierror

## 18.2.163.2. INPUT PARAMETERS

- `sendbuf` : Starting address of send buffer (choice).

- `sendcount` : Number of elements in send buffer (integer).

- `sendtype` : Datatype of send buffer elements (handle).

- `recvcount` : Number of elements for any single receive (integer, significant only at root).

- `recvtype` : Datatype of recvbuffer elements (handle, significant only at root).

- `root` : Rank of receiving process (integer).

- `comm` : Communicator (handle).

- `info` : Info (handle, persistent only).

## 18.2.163.3. OUTPUT PARAMETERS

- `recvbuf` Address of receive buffer (choice, significant only at

    root).

- `request` : Request (handle, non-blocking only).

- `ierror` : Fortran only: Error status (integer).

## 18.2.163.4. DESCRIPTION

Each process (root process included) sends the contents of its send buffer to the root process. The root process receives the messages and stores them in rank order. The outcome is as if each of the n processes in the group (including the root process) had executed a call to

    MPI_Send(sendbuf, sendcount, sendtype, root, ...)

and the root had executed n calls to

    MPI_Recv(recfbuf + i * recvcount * extent(recvtype), recvcount,
             recvtype, i, ...)

where extent(recvtype) is the type extent obtained from a call to MPI_Type_extent.

An alternative description is that the n messages sent by the processes in the group are concatenated in rank order, and the resulting message is received by the root as if by a call to `MPI_Recv(recvbuf, recvcount * n, recvtype, ... )`.

The receive buffer is ignored for all nonroot processes.

General, derived datatypes are allowed for both sendtype and recvtype. The type signature of sendcount, sendtype on process i must be equal to the type signature of recvcount, recvtype at the root. This implies that the amount of data sent must be equal to the amount of data received, pairwise between each process and the root. Distinct type maps between sender and receiver are still allowed.

All arguments to the function are significant on process root, while on other processes, only arguments sendbuf, sendcount, sendtype, root, comm are significant. The arguments root and comm must have identical values on all processes.

The specification of counts and types should not cause any location on the root to be written more than once. Such a call is erroneous. Note that the recvcount argument at the root indicates the number of items it receives from each process, not the total number of items it receives.

Example 1: Gather 100 ints from every process in group to root.

    MPI_Comm comm;
    int gsize, sendarray[100];
    int root, *rbuf;
    ...

    MPI_Comm_size( comm, &gsize);
    rbuf = (int*)malloc(gsize* 100*sizeof(int));

    MPI_Gather( sendarray, 100, MPI_INT, rbuf, 100, MPI_INT, root, comm);

Example 2: Previous example modified — only the root allocates memory for the receive buffer.

    MPI_Comm comm;
    int gsize, sendarray[100];
    int root, myrank, *rbuf;
    ...

    MPI_Comm_rank( comm, myrank);
    if ( myrank == root) {
      MPI_Comm_size( comm, &gsize);
      rbuf = (int *)malloc(gsize * 100*sizeof(int));
    }
    MPI_Gather( sendarray, 100, MPI_INT, rbuf, 100, MPI_INT, root, comm);

Example 3: Do the same as the previous example, but use a derived datatype. Note that the type cannot be the entire set of `gsize * 100` ints since type matching is defined pairwise between the root and each process in the gather.

    MPI_Comm comm;
    int gsize, sendarray[100];
    int root, *rbuf;
    MPI_Datatype rtype;
    ...

    MPI_Comm_size( comm, &gsize);
    MPI_Type_contiguous( 100, MPI_INT, &rtype);
    MPI_Type_commit( &rtype );
    rbuf = (int*)malloc(gsize* 100*sizeof(int));
    MPI_Gather( sendarray, 100, MPI_INT, rbuf, 1, rtype, root, comm);

## 18.2.163.5. Use Of In-Place Option

When the communicator is an intracommunicator, you can perform a gather operation in-place (the output buffer is used as the input buffer). Use the variable MPI_IN_PLACE as the value of the root process sendbuf. In this case, sendcount and sendtype are ignored, and the contribution of the root process to the gathered vector is assumed to already be in the correct place in the receive buffer. Note that MPI_IN_PLACE is a special kind of value; it has the same restrictions on its use as MPI_BOTTOM. Because the in-place option converts the receive buffer into a send-and-receive buffer, a Fortran binding that includes INTENT must mark these as INOUT, not OUT.

## 18.2.163.6. When Communicator Is An Inter-Communicator

When the communicator is an inter-communicator, the root process in the first group gathers data from all the processes in the second group. The first group defines the root process. That process uses MPI_ROOT as the value of its root argument. The remaining processes use `MPI_PROC_NULL` as the value of their root argument. All processes in the second group use the rank of that root process in the first group as the value of their root argument. The send buffer argument of the processes in the first group must be consistent with the receive buffer argument of the root process in the second group.

## 18.2.163.7. ERRORS

Almost all MPI routines return an error value; C routines as the return result of the function and Fortran routines in the last argument.

Before the error value is returned, the current MPI error handler associated with the communication object (e.g., communicator, window, file) is called. If no communication object is associated with the MPI call, then the call is considered attached to MPI_COMM_SELF and will call the associated MPI error handler. When MPI_COMM_SELF is not initialized (i.e., before MPI_Init/MPI_Init_thread, after MPI_Finalize, or when using the Sessions Model exclusively) the error raises the initial error handler. The initial error handler can be changed by calling MPI_Comm_set_errhandler on MPI_COMM_SELF when using the World model, or the mpi_initial_errhandler CLI argument to mpiexec or info key to MPI_Comm_spawn/MPI_Comm_spawn_multiple. If no other appropriate error handler has been set, then the MPI_ERRORS_RETURN error handler is called for MPI I/O functions and the MPI_ERRORS_ABORT error handler is called for all other MPI functions.

Open MPI includes three predefined error handlers that can be used:

- `MPI_ERRORS_ARE_FATAL` Causes the program to abort all connected MPI processes.

- `MPI_ERRORS_ABORT` An error handler that can be invoked on a communicator, window, file, or session. When called on a communicator, it acts as if MPI_Abort was called on that communicator. If called on a window or file, acts as if MPI_Abort was called on a communicator containing the group of processes in the corresponding window or file. If called on a session, aborts only the local process.

- `MPI_ERRORS_RETURN` Returns an error code to the application.

MPI applications can also implement their own error handlers by calling:

- MPI_Comm_create_errhandler then MPI_Comm_set_errhandler

- MPI_File_create_errhandler then MPI_File_set_errhandler

- MPI_Session_create_errhandler then MPI_Session_set_errhandler or at MPI_Session_init

- MPI_Win_create_errhandler then MPI_Win_set_errhandler

Note that MPI does not guarantee that an MPI program can continue past an error.

See the MPI man page for a full list of MPI error codes.

See the Error Handling section of the MPI-3.1 standard for more information.

See also

- MPI_Gatherv